独立主格结构(独立主格结构的几种形式)

一、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。

There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。

He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。

The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。

Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。

4. 名词(代词)+形容词The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。

Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。

5. 名词(代词)+副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。

The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。

6. 名词(代词)+名词His first shot failure，he fired again．他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。

7. 名词(代词) +介词短语He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。

Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back．每天下午，一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。

二、with，without 引导的独立主格结构 with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。

上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。

The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式） Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。

（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式） The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。

（with+名词/代词+动词不定式） The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。

（with+名词/代词+副词） He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

（with+名词/代词+介词短语） With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。

（with+名词/代词+形容词）在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。